Degree and its Types:
দুই বা ততোধিক ব্যাক্তি, বস্তু ও প্রাণীর মধ্যে দোষ বা গুণের তুলনা করার পদ্ধতিকে Degree বলে।
Degree ৩ প্রকার। যথাঃ
i. Positive degree
ii. Comparative degree
iii. Superlative degree
Positive degree: Adjective যখন কোন ব্যাক্তি, বস্তু ও প্রাণীর সাধারন গুন বোঝায় তাকে Positive degree বলে।
Stu: Sub + verb + a/an + adjective (positive form) + noun/pronoun
Example: He is a good boy.
Comparative degree: Adjective যখন দুটি ব্যাক্তি, বস্তু ও প্রাণীর মধ্যে তুলনা বোঝায় তাকে Comparative degree বলে।
Stu: Sub + verb + a/an + adjective (comparative form) + than + noun/pronoun
Example: He is taller than you.
N.B: কিছু কিছু শব্দ যেমনঃ prefer, superior, senior, junior, inferior ইত্যাদি সর্বদা এদের পরে এর পরিবর্তে বসে।
Superlative degree: Adjective যখন দুই এর অধিক ব্যাক্তি, বস্তু ও প্রাণীর মধ্যে তুলনা বোঝায় তাকে Superlative degree বলে।
Stu: Sub + verb + the + adjective (superlative form) + in/of + noun/pronoun
Example: He is the wisest of all men.
Transformation of Degrees
Superlative Degree to Positive Degree
Rule-1 : সাধারণত Superlative Degree এর কোন Sentence কে Positive Degree তে রুপান্তরের নিয়ম:
Structure : No other + Superlative Degree এর পরের অংশ + verb + so Superlative Degree এর Positive From + as + প্রদত্ত Sentence এর Subject
Superlative : He is the smallest boy in the class.
Positive : No other boy in the class is so small as he.
Exercise :
1. Sohel is the noblest person.
2. January is the coldest month in Bangladesh.
3. Gold is the most precious metal.
বি:দ্র: Superlative Degree এর পরে of all/of any থাকলে উঠে যায়।
Superlative : It burns the prettiest of any wood.
Positive : No other wood burns so pretty as it.
Exercise :
1. The rose is the finest of all flowers.
2. Shakespeare is the greatest of all dramatists.
3. He was cleverest of all person.
Rule-2 : One of the যুক্ত Superlative Degree কে Positive Degree তে রুপান্তরের নিয়ম :
Structure : Very few + Superlative Degree এর পরের অংশ + verb. এর Plural Form + so + Superlative Degree এর Positive Form + as + প্রদত্ত Sentence এর Subject.
Superlative : He is one of the best boys in the class.
Positive : Very few boys in the class are so good as he.
Exercise :
1. This is one of the greatest pictures in the world.
2. Bhutan is one of the smallest countries in the world.
3. Sheraton is one of the most expensive restaurants.
Comparative Degree to Positive Degree
Rule-1: Than any other/Than all other যুক্ত Comparative Degree কে Positive Degree তে রুপান্তরের নিয়ম :
Structure : No other + than any other/than all other এর পরের অংশ + verb + so + comparative degree এর positive form + as + প্রদত্ত sentence এর subject.
Comparative : He is greater than any other boy in the class.
Positive : No other boy in the class is so great as he.
Exercise :
1. Dhaka is larger than all other cities in Bangladesh.
2. Sazzad is taller than any other boy in the college.
3. He was cleverer than any other boy.
Rule-2 : Than যুক্ত Comparative Degree কে positive Degree তে রুপান্তরের নিয়ম :
Structure : Than এর পরের অংশ + Verb + not + so + comparative degree এর positive form + as + প্রদত্ত sentence এর subject.
Comparative : Jamil is wiser than Hasan.
Positive: Hasan is not so wise as Jamil.
Exercise :
1. He is stronger than I
2. A plane flies faster than a bird.
3. Tomatoes are cheaper than oranges.
Rule-3 : Than most other/Than few other যুক্ত Comparative Degree কে Positive করার নিয়ম :
Structure : Very few + most other/few other এর পরের অংশ + verb এর plural form + so + comparative degree এর positive form + as + প্রদত্ত sentence এর subject.
Comparative : The cow is more useful than most other animals.
Positive: Very few animals are so useful as the cow.
Exercise :
1. Imran Khan is greater than most other cricketers.
2. Bhutan is smaller than most other countries in the world.
3. Fazlul Haque was greater than most other politicians in Bangladesh.
Rule-4 : No less/Not less........... than যুক্ত comparative degree কে positive degree তে রুপান্তরের নিয়ম :
No less/not less এর পরিবর্তে উক্ত জায়গায় as বসে এবং than এর পরিবর্তে উক্ত জায়গায় than বসে, এছাড়া প্রদত্ত sentence টির কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না।
Comparative : Nipa is no less clever than Deeba.
Positive : Nipa is as clever as Deeba.
Exercise :
1. He is no less strong than you.
2. Samad was not less wise than Azad.
3. Her face was not radiant than the full moon.
Superlative Degree to Comparative Degree
Rule-1 : Superlative degree যুক্ত Sentence কে সাধারণত নিচের নিয়মে Comparative Degree তে রুপান্তর করতে হয়।
Structure : Subject + Verb + Superlative Degree এর Comparative Form + than any other + প্রদত্ত Sentence এর বাকি অংশ।
Example :
Superlative : He is the oldest man in the village.
Comparative : He is older than any other man in the village.
Exercise :
1. She was the best house wife.
2. He is the best boy.
3. Chittagong is the biggest port in Bangladesh.
Rule-2 : of any/of all যুক্ত Superlative Degree কে Comparative Degree তে রুপান্তরের নিয়ম :
Structure : Structure : Subject + Verb + Superlative Degree এর Comparative Form + than any other/than all other + প্রদত্ত Sentence এর বাকি অংশ।
বি:দ্র: of any থাকলে সেক্ষেত্রে of any এর পরিবর্তে of any other বসে এবং of all এর পরিবর্তে of all other বসে।
Example :
Superlative : Mr Islam is the noblest of all men.
Comparative : Mr Islam is nobler than all other men.
Superlative : It burns the prettiest of any wood.
Comparative : It burns prettier than any other wood.
Exercise :
1. Iron is the most useful of all metals.
2. Milk is most nutritious of all foods.
3. Australia is the largest of all islands in the world.
Rule-3 : One of the যুক্ত Superlative Degree কে Comparative Degree তে রুপান্তরের নিয়ম :
Structure : Structure : Subject + Verb + Superlative Degree এর Comparative Form + than most other + প্রদত্ত Sentence এর বাকি অংশ।
Example :
Superlative : Fahim is one of the tallest boys in the class.
Comparative : Fahim is taller than most other boys in the class.
Exercise :
1. This is one of the greatest pictures of the world.
2. He is one of the wisest men of the world.
3. Akbar was one of the greatest kings of this sub-continent.
Positive Degree to Comparative Degree
Rule-1 : No other যুক্ত Positive Degree কে Comparative Degree তে রূপান্তরের নিয়ম :
Structure : প্রদত্ত Sentence এর শেষের Subject + Verb + Positive Degree এর Comparative form + than any other + No other এর পর থেকে Verb এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত।
Example :
Positive : No other boy in the class is so good as he.
Comparative : He is better than any other boy in the class.
Exercise :
1. No other city in Bangladesh is so good as Dhaka.
2. No other food in the menu was so cheap as beef.
3. No other wood burns so pretty as the apple log.
Rule-2 : Very few যুক্ত Positive Degree কে Comparative Degree তে পরিণত করার নিয়ম :
Structure : প্রদত্ত Sentence এর শেষের Subject + Verb + Positive Degree এর Comparative from + than most other + very few এর পর থেকে verb এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত।
Example :
Positive : Very few metals are as costly as gold.
Comparative : Gold is costlier than most other metals.
Exercise :
1. Very few hotels are so precious as gold.
2. Very few boys are so good as Hasan.
3. Very few boys in the class are so clever as you.
Rule-3 : As ………… as যুক্ত Positive Degree এর Comparative Degree তে রূপান্তরের নিয়ম :
Structure : প্রদত্ত Sentence এর শেষের Subject + Verb + not + Positive Degree এর Comparative from + than + প্রদত্ত Sentence এর প্রথম Subject.
Example:
Positive : He is as tall as his brother.
Comparative : His brother is not taller than he.
Exercise :
1. A bird can not fly so fast as a train.
2. Cure is not so good as prevention.
3. You are not so tall as he
Comparative Degree to Superlative Degree
Rule-1 : Than any other/than all other যুক্ত Comparative Degree কে Superlative Degree এ রুপান্তরের নিয়ম :
Structure : Subject + Verb + the + Comparative Degree এর Superlative form + other এর পরের অংশ।
Example :
Comparative : He is better than other boy in the class.
Superlative : He is the best boy in the class.
Exercise :
1. He is the taller than all other boys.
2. He is nobler than any other person.
3. Akbar was the greater than all other kings.
Rule-2 : Than most other/than few other যুক্ত Comparative Degree কে Superlative Degree এ রুপান্তরের নিয়ম :
Structure : Subject + Verb + one of the + Comparative Degree এর Superlative form + most other/few other এর পরের অংশ।
Example :
Comparative : Dhaka is bigger than most other cities in Bangladesh.
Positive : Dhaka is one of the biggest cities in Bangladesh.
Exercise :
1. Hamlet is more popular than most other dramas.
2. Arabian Nights is better than most other story books.
Positive Degree to Superlative Degree
Rule-1 : No other যুক্ত Positive Degree কে Superlative Degree এ রুপান্তরের নিয়ম :
Structure : প্রদত্ত Sentence এর শেষের Subject + Verb + the + Positive Degree এর Superlative Form + no other এর পর থেকে verb এর verb এর মাঝের অংশ।
Example :
Positive : No other boy in the class is as tall as Sabbir.
Superlative : Sabbir is the tallest boy in the class.
Exercise :
1. No other girl in the class is so fair as Ruma.
2. No other dramatist is so great as Shakespeare.
3. No other food is so nutritious as milk.
Rule-2 : Very few যুক্ত Positive Degree কে Superlative Degree এ রুপান্তরের নিয়ম :
Structure : প্রদত্ত Sentence এর শেষের Subject + Verb + one of the + Positive Degree এর Superlative form + very few এর পর থেকে verb এর verb এর মাঝের অংশ।
Example :
Positive : Very few boys in the village are small as Sohel.
Superlative : Sohel is one of the smallest boys in village.
Exercise :
1. Very few restaurants are so expensive as Sonargoan.
2. Very few pictures in the world are so great as this.
3. Very few players in the term are so good as he.
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